Effects of Fat Type and Exogenous Bile Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Lipid Metabolism and Breast Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens

脂肪類型和外源性膽汁酸對(duì)肉雞生長性能、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率、脂肪代謝和胸肌脂肪酸組成的影響

作者：耿仕夏、張宇新、曹愛智、劉穎、狄玉婷、李軍濤、婁倩倩、張麗英

Simple Summary: Exogenous BAs can serve as emulsifiers and when supplemented in broiler chicken diets, they can facilitate the absorption of fat and fat-soluble nutrients. As far as we know, no research compared the impacts of BAs on broiler chickens fed with animal fat and vegetable oil. Therefore, the current research aimed to explore the impacts of fat type and BAs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism, and breast muscle fatty acids composition in broiler chickens. The results showed that the positive impacts of BAs were obvious for broiler chickens fed diets with lard compared with soybean oil.

簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)：外源性膽汁酸在肉雞日糧中補(bǔ)充時(shí)，可以促進(jìn)脂肪和脂溶性營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收。據(jù)我們所知，沒有研究比較膽汁酸對(duì)飼喂動(dòng)物油和植物油對(duì)肉雞的影響。因此，本研究旨在探討脂肪類型和膽汁酸對(duì)肉雞生長性能、營養(yǎng)消化率、脂質(zhì)代謝和胸肌脂肪酸組成的影響。結(jié)果表明，與豆油相比，飼喂豬油日糧的肉雞同時(shí)添加膽汁酸的積極影響更為明顯。結(jié)果表明：膽汁酸對(duì)飼喂豬油和豆油日糧的肉雞有顯著的積極影響。

Abstract: The current study aimed to explore the effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids (BAs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism, and breast muscle fatty acids compo-sition in broiler chickens. A total of 432 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were stochastically distributed to a 2 × 2 factorial design comprised of two fat types (soybean oil and lard) and two levels of BAs (0 and 80 mg/kg) included in diets, totaling 4 treatments of 6 replicate pens with 18 chicks per replicate pen. Compared with treatments with soybean oil, dietary inclusion of lard increased the digestibility of ether extract (EE) in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42, and increased the level of serum triglycerides and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity on d 21 (p < 0.05). The level of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in breast muscle were also increased (p <0.05) when feeding lard versus soybean oil. Dietary supplementation with BAs elevated average daily gain and reduced the ratio of feed to gain at d 0–21 and 0–42, significantly (p < 0.05). The digestibility of EE in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42 were also increased by BAs (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol content as well as the percentage of abdominal fat on d 42, and ALT activity on d 21 were decreased when BAs were fed (p < 0.05). The concentration of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and MUFAs of breast muscle were decreased by BAs. These results indicate that BAs can increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility, elevate carcass characteristics, and improve lipid metabolism, and their effects on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics were more pronounced in broiler chickens fed diets with lard.

摘要：

本研究旨在探討脂肪類型和外源性膽汁酸對(duì)肉雞生長性能、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率、脂質(zhì)代謝和胸肌脂肪酸組成的影響。432 只 1 日齡的 AA雄性肉雞被隨機(jī)分配到 2 × 2 因子設(shè)計(jì)中，包括兩種脂肪類型（豆油和豬油）和兩種水平的膽汁酸（0 和 80 mg/kg），共 4個(gè)處理6 個(gè)重復(fù)，每個(gè)重復(fù)18 只肉雞。

與大豆油相比，日糧添加豬油增加了粗脂肪的消化率和第42天的胸肌百分比，并增加了第21天的血清甘油三酯水平，降低了血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶（ALT）活性 (p < 0.05)。

當(dāng)飼喂豬油與大豆油時(shí)，胸肌中飽和脂肪酸、單不飽和脂肪酸 (MUFA) 和 n-6 與 n-3 多不飽和脂肪酸的比例也顯著增加 (p < 0.05)。

日糧中添加膽汁酸可顯著提高 0-21 天和 0-42 天的平均日增重，降低料肉比（p < 0.05）。日糧中 EE 的消化率和第 42 天的胸肌百分比也因膽汁酸而增加（p < 0.05）。飼喂膽汁酸后，第 42 天的血清總膽固醇含量以及腹部脂肪百分比和第 21 天的 ALT 活性均降低（p < 0.05）。膽汁酸降低了胸肌總脂肪酸、飽和脂肪酸和MUFAs的濃度。

這些結(jié)果表明，膽汁酸可以提高生長性能和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率，改善脂質(zhì)代謝，提高胴體品質(zhì)。并且在添加豬油的日糧中，膽汁酸對(duì)肉雞養(yǎng)分消化率和胴體特性的影響更為顯著。